All too often, board and committee meetings and executive retreats feel more like the yearly visit to the dentist: No one really wants to go, the experience can be painful, and participants are frequently relieved when it's over. All of which undermines the retreat's original goals: time in a relaxing setting, the development of plans without constant distractions, and the strengthening of team relationships. The culprits are the Seven Deadly Sins of small meetings, which can corrupt a meeting planner's best intentions. If you recognize and counter these demons with solutions for facilitating productive and energizing meetings, you can turn your retreat into a value-enhancing activity.

1. Lost in the '60s

   Without a predetermined objective, participants come with their own agendas or, worse yet, none at all. Random issues swirl like dust devils. Futility reigns. Nothing gets accomplished. Having set out without a destination, the meeting never gets anywhere.

   Solution: Prioritize and determine the key objectives for the retreat. During the months leading up to it, keep a list of what you want to accomplish. Keep the list in order of most- to least-important, realizing that it may remain in a state of flux. Seek input from your managers. Set a date for announcing the objectives. Establish a bar that will measure the retreat's success.

2. Eyes Are Bigger Than the Stomach

   Too often, the plan is to evaluate last year's performance, have each area give a status report, develop next year's plan, set out the 10-year vision, do teambuilding exercises before lunch, and play golf in the afternoon. With this approach, participants will either have sky-high expectations that can't possibly be met or will snicker about how management thinks it can stuff 20 pounds of potatoes into a five-pound bag. Discussions wind up being short-circuited.

   There is little chance for valuable ideas to emerge. Results end up lacking important input. The cynics' snickers are confirmed, and the optimists are frustrated.

   Solution: Reduce unrealistic expectations. Close the gap between expectation and reality. Subjects worthy of a business retreat are generally large and difficult, requiring more than a cursory discussion. Choose one to three objectives that can be thoroughly discussed in the time allotted. Allow ample time for determining the next steps and establishing an action timeline. Real discussion that achieves genuine results communicates that participants' opinions really do matter and that the organization is willing to commit the time necessary to attain its objectives.

3. I Can't See Clearly Now

   If participants thought they were coming to discuss Operation Hawaii, but suddenly the topic is Project Antarctica, your retreat is headed in the wrong direction. When your team isn't sure why it's showing up, some participants may shut down.

   You'll see them crossing their arms, slouching in their chairs, rolling their eyes, sighing loudly, and becoming a negative influence. Others are attentive but quiet, hoping to avoid embarrassing themselves.

   Solution: Communicate the topics, objectives, and goals of the retreat well in advance so that participants can come prepared for total involvement with lively discussion and reasoned debate. Even if your retreat is for brainstorming, it will be more productive if participants have brainstormed in advance. Preparation is the mother of spontaneity. Good ideas come from good foundations, and nothing worth executing has ever sprung from an unprepared mind.

4. Boss as Facilitator

   If the boss is running the discussion, you have a classic case of same old — same old. Participants have an almost Pavlovian response: The ideas and thinking they bottle up in the office stay bottled up at the retreat. With the boss as lead dog, participants tend to follow along and offer what they think is the “right” answer rather than the best answer. By repeating the daily office pattern of interaction, the chance for surfacing fresh and potentially profitable ideas is greatly reduced.

   Solution: A retreat or committee meeting is the perfect opportunity for the boss to fade into the background. Bring in an experienced facilitator. An open conversation in which the boss is just another participant is a much more valuable format. Having someone with an outside perspective lead the group and ask hard questions makes it more likely that the team will delve deeper into discussions and come up with fresh ideas. But even with a facilitator, heed this caveat: The more the boss talks, the less everyone else will.

5. The Boss Assumes Too Much

   Executives wouldn't be having this retreat if they already knew what participants thought about the topics up for discussion. It is more than likely that you don't know all you need to know about the opinions and interpersonal dynamics at work among members of your group. Participants often carry their uncharted pecking orders and office-politics baggage to retreats, which means you're going to get the same power plays off site as you have at your daily work location. Unless you change more than the geography of the meeting, you run the serious risk of not having all your executives' best thinking articulated.

   Solution: Work with an objective third party to develop a pre-retreat survey that gives all participants an equal voice, assures that all ideas are aired, and identifies what participants see as drawbacks or key issues — and, importantly, what they hope will come out of the meeting. Armed with these pre-retreat survey results, the retreat can be customized to deal with the real issues, which may have been invisible to the boss.

6. Peacekeeping Instead of Resolving

   Fireworks typically fly among the more dynamic personalities who are firmly committed to their own ideas. Others around the table size up the battle and begin thinking about whom to back. Some look furtively for body language from the boss. The boss typically does not want to embarrass star performers, so he or she takes off the boss's hat and puts on the peacekeeping beret. Compromises seem to have been struck on key issues; everyone thinks decisions have been made, only to wonder later what they were.

   Solution: Go into the meeting hoping for those fireworks. It's a sure sign there is passion and creative energy in the room. Be prepared to deal with them. Know your topics well enough to recognize which ones will generate strong and differing opinions among your executives.

   This is where facilitators earn their money keeping the discussion going and under control. One method a facilitator might employ in this scenario is to discuss the hot topic with the boss and another top executive prior to the retreat. The game plan: Each executive takes an opposite position, even if they personally hold the same one; it's like playing devil's advocate. Then, at the retreat, the facilitator has each executive state his or her “rehearsed” position to begin the discussion, and then asks each of the others at the table to weigh in. While the strong personalities will say what they think regardless of the method, the others are more likely to be candid in this scenario, and the organization stands to benefit from candid thinking.

7. Organizational Memory-Loss

   The deadliest sin of retreats is that there is frequently no follow-up. It's as if the retreat never happened. No memos are issued to summarize the decisions made and to delineate the next steps to be taken. No periodic checkups are made on the progress of action items. Bottom line: The organization wasted time and money, missed out on growth opportunities, and sent a deflationary message to the participants.

   Solution: Remember, the end of the retreat is really a beginning. A successful planning retreat serves as a medium that produces concepts, teambuilding, innovation, new products, and growth long after everyone has gone home. Before the retreat ends, state the next steps clearly, assign projects, and determine the follow-up timetable. Establish a communication plan for posting the progress of initiatives that have been put into place.

Avoid the Seven Deadly Sins at your next retreat by defining firm objectives, stating clear expectations, establishing open communication, and performing consistent follow-up.

Mary Tomlinson is the president of On-Purpose Partners, Orlando, Fla., a strategic business consulting and communications company. She spent 18 years as an executive with The Walt Disney Co. before joining On-Purpose Partners. Tomlinson specializes in business and marketing consulting; meeting, workshop, and retreat facilitation; and speaking engagements.

John Dreyer is a communications consultant and writer who spent 26 years as a senior marketing and communications executive in the entertainment and travel industries. He is based in Los Angeles.