Here's a crash course in Budgeting 101 from the author of Meeting Planning For Dummies, Susan Friedman, aka The Tradeshow Coach (www.thetradeshowcoach.com).
Meeting planners often ask me, “What on Earth do I include in the budget?” says Friedman.
The answer is very easy: “Everything.” If you have historical data from a similar event, you're in luck, because then you will have a good idea of previous expenses. However, if this is your first event, know that you have your work cut out for you.
You will need to identify all possible expenses: fixed (expenses that remain constant no matter what, such as room rentals or speaker fees); variable (expenses that are calculated on a per-person basis); indirect (administrative costs such as staff salaries and equipment); and hidden (unpredictable charges such as overnight shipping or rush charges for signage). I would not recommend that you try to do this all in one sitting; rather, plan a few sessions so that you do a thorough job. The more meticulous you are, the more accurate the end result will be.
For starters, the following budget categories will help you to organize your revenue and expenses.
Take each one and list all the expenses, fixed and variable. Again, the more thorough you are, the more accurate the final total will be.
Programming
Marketing and promotion
Food and beverage
Speakers
Entertainment
Travel, transportation, shuttle bus
Accommodations
Meeting facility
Audiovisual
Labor charges
Administrative
Personnel
Exhibition
Shipping/freight charges
Postage
Insurance
Flowers and decorations
Special function expenses
Miscellaneous services (such as translation and interpretation)
Revenue details
Since you probably have a limited budget, keeping costs under control is a skill you need to learn — fast! Seven important rules to remember are:
Make sure that all the agreements you make with suppliers are in writing. Do not make any verbal agreements because in a court of law, they are worthless.
Only a select few people should have the authority to charge items to your master account at the hotel. Make sure that the hotel has a list of these people, and instruct hotel staff that under no circumstances can anyone else make charges. Refuse to pay for charges signed by unauthorized personnel.
Work with the hotel to create a variety of master accounts so that it is easier to separate your bills and review the accounts. Arrange that, along with the master account, you get copies of the invoices, checks, and banquet event orders.
Consider going over your accounts with the facility on a daily basis. That makes it easier to spot errors or to make necessary changes if costs are escalating in certain areas.
For example, if you are using the hotel's business center facilities for photocopying and find that they are charging 25 cents per page, you might want to make alternate arrangements if you have a significant amount of copying.
As soon as you receive an invoice, check it against the written quotation. Question anything and everything that doesn't seem to compute. Make sure that you scrutinize your hotel and F&B invoices while you are on-site. It's so much easier to iron out discrepancies in person than to do it over the phone. This is particularly true for overseas events. Do not sign off on any bills until you are totally satisfied.
Remember to allow a certain amount of flexibility with your financial figures, because you will probably experience some unexpected expenses or emergencies. Be prepared, and build in a contingency of 10 percent of your total budget to take care of unforeseen costs, such as overtime, speaker substitutions, overnight mailings, phone and computer hookups, and things that you just didn't think of.
One of the best gifts that you can give yourself for future events is a post-event consolidation report. Take all the budgetary data, notes, and your tidbits of pertinent information and summarize them in a computer spreadsheet. Instead of having file folders stuffed with scraps of paper, you'll have one wonderful, information-rich document.
Susan Friedman's top 10 site-selection tips:
Schedule your meetings during low-usage times, either during low seasons or days of the week when the facility is less busy. Booking near holidays (Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and so on) can be advantageous to your bottom line.
Ask for the best rates. Do your research. Check out the rack, corporate rates, AAA discounts, etc., and compare them to the group rates that you're being offered. Call the toll-free reservation desk as well.
Consider on-site versus off-site meeting space, especially for your smaller meetings.
Confirm and reconfirm your dates and event details. Overlooking a detail could cost you big bucks.
Insist on a site visit before making any final decisions. Have the convention and visitors bureau do all the preliminary work to set it up for you.
Consider using local destinations or smaller cities that offer you more bang for your buck.
Request a discount for on-site payment of your bill.
Be conservative with your room blocks, because you'll have to pay for unused rooms.
Book your meeting with the same chain hotels or properties to give you greater rate negotiating power. You want them to value you and your business.
Negotiate comp rooms for speakers, discounted rates for your staff, and/or upgrades for VIPs.
Here's an area ripe for innovative thinking, says Bonnie Wallsh, CMP, of Bonnie Wallsh Associates LLC, Charlotte, N.C. Follow her 12 easy money-savers and you'll make out.
Use centerpieces such as a Lazy Susan with buffet lunch.
Theme events using ethnic foods that are less costly.
Serve light lunches such as salads rather than heavy entrees.
Cut down on portions.
Use boxed lunches, if appropriate.
Reduce the number of courses served at dinner.
Serve continental breakfast.
Piggyback off of other groups' events.
Organize optional group dinners at which attendees can dine while making contacts with colleagues.
Negotiate complimentary receptions.
Shorten the length of receptions.
Use butler service instead of buffets.
The best places to cut costs are often the least visible: audiovisual, signage, printing, post-age. Here are 12 tips from Wallsh:
Work with one AV company as the preferred supplier for volume discounts.
Assign meetings with the same AV and setup arrangements to the same rooms.
Bring your own flip charts, markers, and blank overhead transparencies.
Rent equipment such as a fax machine or a photocopier if you anticipate heavy usage.
Create permanent generic reusable signs with updated information on hook and loop tape.
Prepare room signs listing all meetings to be held in that room throughout the event.
Use hotel sign boards rather than buying your own.
Use a printing outlet in the meeting city to reduce shipping charges for printed materials. Always request a proof before printing.
Do layout and design on your own software.
Prepare a timeline with deadlines that take advantage of the least expensive shipping rates.
Check post office regulations before creating mailings.
Barter with shipping companies to send your shipments at no charge.
Printing is an area in which you're likely to find ways to save money. Consider the following:
Send out a request for quotation to a number of quality printers. Every print job has different requirements, and every printer has different equipment, downtime, and overhead.
Learn the lingo. The clearer you are with your graphic design and printing needs, the more easily the printer can supply you with exactly what you need.
Use a standard quotation form, with all the variables (bleeds, reverses, number of copies, ink colors, paper thickness, timing and delivery, etc.). This way, you won't forget a crucial detail in the print job description.
Keep up with the latest technology. Always ask your printer if they have a suggestion for an easier, faster, or cheaper way to get the job done.
If your printing has a number of elements, think about using a printing consultant. Often, such consultants can find the best suppliers for the whole package of print jobs that are involved in a meeting.
Rent a photocopier on-site and ship your own paper with your supplies.
Try to copy back-to-back as much as possible for committee meetings and photocopying jobs. This reduces paper costs and shipping weight.
Use art students from a local college for graphic design.
Use postcards to promote your meeting.
When designing your printed pieces, use standard paper sizes.
Send large mailings to a mailing house for bulk processing. Send smaller mailings by mailing house at a substantial discount.
Always, always, always send out price quotation specifications to several printers. Printing costs can vary dramatically.
Be visual and creative. Sometimes the simplest ideas are the most effective.
Find a “quick” printer nearby that delivers.
Negotiate with the hotel's business center for bulk rate or discounts on copies and faxes.
Use the local CVB's photos, posters, meeting folders, and tourist information. Often these items are free.
We went to Ruth Levine, founder of Speak Inc., San Diego (www.speakinc.com), to learn the best ways to cut costs when you choose a speaker.
Suppose you need a keynote, a moderator, an emcee, and an awards host for your meeting, and you have a budget for each. Why not hire a talented speaker who can do two or even all of the jobs? Booking a professional will help you to save on expenses, and many speakers' full-day fees are not much more than their standard keynote fees.
Contact your convention services manager to get the names of other groups that will be at your hotel on overlapping dates, and call to see what speakers they have booked.
The cost of a well-known speaker often can double after adding expenses such as airfare, hotel, ground transportation, and meals.
Other than booking a speaker who lives in the same city as your meeting, another way to avoid paying travel expenses is to do a “piggyback booking” and book a speaker whose expenses are already contractually covered by another organization.
Allow your speaker to sell books and training materials on-site after his or her program.
The majority of a speaker's income often comes from product sales. Your speaker may have a new book or comprehensive training programs to sell on CD-ROM or tape.
Speakers are often willing to reduce their fees in exchange for a contractual promise to sell their products. This is frequently a double win because meeting attendees often jump at the chance to purchase books or tapes that are written by a speaker who has just inspired them and motivated them to learn more.
Speakers who are in high demand typically raise their fees annually. Many fee increases occur on January 1 of each year.
If a speaker has not raised fees in several years, it may be an indication of his or her popularity, but it also can indicate that the speaker will not bring your attendees to their feet.
One way to save money on a popular speaker is to book a year in advance, thereby contractually securing the current fee.